Maxwell Adeyemi

PILES, medically referred to as haemorrhoids, are swollen and inflamed veins in the lower part of the rectum and anus. This condition can cause significant discomfort, bleeding and other distressing symptoms affecting millions of people worldwide.

While piles are common, they could range in severity, with some cases requiring medical or even surgical intervention.

Piles are categorised into three main types, depending on their location and degree of prolapse.

Internal piles: These are located inside the rectum and are generally not visible or painful. However, they may cause painless rectal bleeding, especially after bowel movements.

External piles: These occur under the skin around the anus and are more likely to cause discomfort. External haemorrhoids can become thrombosed (filled with blood clots), leading to severe pain and swelling.

Prolapsed piles: When internal haemorrhoids swell and extend outside the anus, they are known as prolapsed piles. In more advanced cases, these haemorrhoids may remain outside the anus, causing pain, discomfort, and potential complications if left untreated.

The symptoms of piles can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Some of the most common symptoms include:

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Discomfort or pain especially when passing stool or while sitting for long periods, itching or irritation. Persistent itching around the anus can lead to further discomfort.

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Bleeding – blood may be noticed on the toilet paper or in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement. This is typically a sign of internal haemorrhoids.

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Swelling or a lump near the anus may be indicative of external piles, which can become tender and painful.

In severe cases, the piles may lead to complications such as infection, severe bleeding, or strangulation, where the blood supply to the haemorrhoid is cut off, resulting in extreme pain and the need for immediate medical attention.

While piles often resolve on their own, it is important to seek medical attention when the following occur:

* Severe discomfort or pain: Persistent or worsening pain should not be ignored.

* Heavy bleeding: If bleeding during bowel movements becomes frequent or severe, it is important to consult a healthcare provider.

* Prolapse: If the piles prolapse and do not retract naturally, medical intervention may be required to avoid further complications.

Factors contributing to piles

Several lifestyle and genetic factors can contribute to the development of piles. Some common risk factors include:

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Chronic constipation – straining during bowel movements increases pressure on the veins in the rectum and anus.

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Pregnancy – the increased pressure on the pelvic area during pregnancy can lead to the development of piles, particularly in the third trimester.

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Obesity – excess weight puts additional pressure on the veins in the rectal area.

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Sedentary lifestyle – prolonged sitting, particularly on the toilet, can contribute to the development of piles.

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Ageing – as people age, the tissues suppo