Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black vacated an order of a lower court, ruling that the University of Mississippi had to admit James H. Meredith, a Black Air Force veteran whose application for admission had been on file and in the courts for fourteen months.

Brazzaville, the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo, was founded on September 10, 1880. The city was on the site of Nkuna, a Bateke village and was named after its part-African founder, explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza.  Makoko of the Téké, the local political leader, negotiated a treaty with de Brazza in which he granted the French control over his nation in exchange for protection from neighboring rivals. The city was developed on the north bank of the Congo River in order to compete with the Belgian city of Leopoldville (now Kinshasa) which was established on the opposite bank.  From October 1880 to May 1882, Brazzaville was guarded from the Belgians by the troops of Melamine Camara, a Senegalese Sergeant in the French colonial army.

In 1884, the Berlin Conference made the area an official French territory. Brazzaville, in turn, was declared the capital of a number of French colonial possessions including the French Congo, French Equatorial Africa, Gabon, Ubangi-Shari (now the Central African Republic), and Chad. In 1924, Brazzaville became linked with Pointe-Noire Port on the Atlantic Ocean through the Congo Ocean Railway.

When Nazi Germany overran and occupied northern France early in World War II, while establishing the puppet state of Vichy France in the south of the country, French colonial forces in the African colonies remained loyal to the Free French government in exile under General Charles De Gaulle.  Because of the coloniess support of the Free French government, De Gaulle met in Brazzaville in 1944 with leaders of the African colonies. The meeting resulted in the Brazzaville Declaration where France promised reforms in the colonies including granting their residents the status of French citizens.

Prior to 1960 Brazzaville was divided into African and European sections. The Europeans controlled the city center while the Africans had three areas: Poto-Poto, Bacongo, and Makélékélé. By 1980, twenty years after the French Congo became the independent nation of

John Roy Lynch, served in the 43rd, 44th, and 47th Congresses representing the State of Mississippi as a Republican, born. He also presided as a temporary chairman over the Republican National Convention of 1884 and was the first African American to deliver the keynote address.

Yamoussoukro is currently the de jure capital of the nation of Cote d’Ivoire. The city had a population of 242,744 people in 2010. Yamoussoukro is located 274 km, or 170 miles, from the country’s de facto capital, Abidjan, where most of the government offices and foreign embassies remain. Although Yamoussoukro has some government agencies, most of its economy revolves around nearby fishing and forestry industries and the manufacture of perfumes. The city is divided into four different divisions: Attiégouakro, Didiévi, Tié-diékro, and the surrounding Commune of Yamoussoukro, which contains 169 villages and hamlets.

The history of Yamoussoukro dates back to 1901 when Yamousso, the son of the regional political leader Kouassi N’Go, ran the village of N’Gokro at the time of French colonization. The village had 475 residents and was one of the 129 Akoué villages in the region.  In 1909 the Akoué revolted against the newly installed French colonial administration.  They burned a French outpost called the Bonzi station which was located seven kilometers, or 4.35 miles, away from N’Gokro. Simon Maurice, a French administrator at the Bonzi station, was spared from death by the personal intervention of Kouassi N’Go.

After the revolt was put down Simon Maurice transferred the French military outpost to N’Gokro.  In gratitude, the French built a pyramid as a memorial to Kouassi N’Go and the town of N’Gokro was then renamed Yamoussoukro to pay homage to its political leader.  In 1919 the French named Félix Houphouët-Boigny who was born there in ___, the chief administrator of the town.  Over the next four decades, Yamoussoukro remained a small commercial center for a surrounding agricultural region.   

When France granted Cote d’Ivoire independence in 1960, Félix Houphouët-Boigny became the nation’s first president, serving until his death in 1993.  Beginning in 1964, Houphouët-Boigny sponsored the city’s rapid growth, building a modern highway from Abidjan to Yamoussoukro ostensibly to encourage economic growth in the

Cleveland Call & Post established.

A commemorative stamp is issued by the U.S. Postal Service to honor Henry Ossawa Tanner, the first African American artist elected to the National Academy of Design

George W. Buckner, a physician from Indiana, named minister to Liberia.

Fifty-one Blacks reported lynched in 1913.

Currently in the political spotlight for her steadfast support of presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, Stephanie Tubbs Jones is a Democratic Representative of the state of Ohio. She was born on September 10, 1949 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio and attended the county’s public schools before getting her bachelor’s degree in social work from Case Western Reserve University in 1971. She also earned a Jurist Doctorate from Case Western Reserve University Law School in 1974.

In 1981 Tubbs was elected to the Cleveland municipal court and from 1983 to 1991 was the judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Cuyahoga County, the first African American woman to sit on its bench. She also worked as a prosecutor in Cuyahoga County between 1991 and 1998, once again the first woman and the first African American to serve in this position.

In January of 1999 Judge Tubbs became the first woman to be elected to the United States House of Representatives from the state of Ohio. She still holds that position and is now in her fifth term in office as representative of the Eleventh Congressional District.

As a congress member, Tubbs is chair of the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, is part of the Ways and Means Committee, and is active in the Congressional Black Caucus, among other congressional caucuses. She is particularly interested in education, healthcare, and economic development. Among the legislation she has introduced are the Uterine Fibroids Research and Education Act, the Predatory Mortgage Lending Practices Reduction Act, the Campus Fire Prevention Act, and the “Count Every Vote” Act of 2005.

Aside from her work within Congress, Tubbs Jones is also a member of the Delta Sigma Theta Sorority Incorporated and of Bethany Baptist Church in Cleveland. She has recently emerged as one of presidential candidate Hillary Clinton’s strongest supporters in her state and in the Congressional Black Caucus.

Stephanie Tubbs Jones died in Cleveland on August, 20, 2008 of a ruptured brain aneurysm.  She is survived by

Jayson Williams is a retired professional basketball player who played for the Chicago Bulls. Born on September 10, 1981, he grew up in New Jersey where he attended St. Joseph High School. He was a good sportsman at high school and played basketball and soccer. He also excelled at chess, and was nicknamed “Jay Dubbs”. He graduated from high school in 1999, and then enrolled at college. He played junior varsity soccer in his freshman year, along with varsity volleyball and basketball. In basketball, he was selected to the First Team All-State and was named the New Jersey Player of the Year, Parade All American and USA Today first team All American. He also participated in the McDonald’s Slam Dunk Contest, in which he scored 20 points. Williams received the 1999 Morgan Wootten Award for his achievements in basketball as well as maintaining a 3.6 Grade Point Average.

Williams attended Duke University, where he continued to play basketball for the Duke University Blue Devils. He was an immediate success at college, and was one of the few freshmen to who averaged double figures. He was named the ACC Rookie of the Year as well as the National Freshman of the Year by The Sporting News. His average was 14.5 points, 6.5 assists and 4.2 rebounds per game. He was also named a First Team All American by the Basketball Times. In his second year at Duke, he started for the Blue Devils in all 39 games and helped his team to win the NCAA National Championship. He won the NABC Player of the Year Award. He broke a 49 year old record for scoring the most points in a season, which was previously held by Dick Groat. He had the highest tournament average, and also held a number of other records such as the record for three pointers attempted and for scoring at least 600 points in a season.

By now, Jayson Williams had come to be known as the best college basketball player at the time. He was awarded the Naismith Award and Wooden Award as the Player of the Year in 2002. He graduated from college in 2002, with a degree in Sociology. He

Jomo Kenyatta returns to Kenya from exile to lead his country

Amílcar Lopes Cabral , (born September 12, 1924, Bafatá, Portuguese Guinea [now Guinea-Bissau]—died January 20, 1973, Conakry, Guinea), agronomist, nationalist leader, and founder and secretary-general of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde; PAIGC), who helped lead Guinea-Bissau to independence. He was a leading African thinker of the 20th century.

After receiving his early education in Cape Verde, Cabral pursued university studies in Lisbon, where he helped to found the Centro de Estudos Africanos, an association of Lusophone African students that included future Angolan president Agostinho Neto. While in Lisbon, Cabral and some of his fellow African students developed political theories regarding colonialism and liberation. After graduating in 1950, Cabral was employed by the Portuguese colonial authorities as an agronomist. In the early 1950s he traveled widely in Portuguese Guinea in order to conduct a survey of the land and its resources, which provided him with the opportunity to interact with people from various cultures who lived in the colony. During that time Cabral also continued to contemplate national liberation for colonies in Africa. In September 1956 he and five associates—including a brother, Luís, and Aristides Pereira—formed the PAIGC, and in December of that year he cofounded a liberation movement in Angola with Neto.

Cabral rapidly emerged as the leader of the PAIGC. The group organized early political resistance to colonial power in the form of workers’ strikes—calling for better wages and improved conditions. However, the Pidjiguiti Massacre in August 1959, when the Portuguese fired on demonstrators during a dockworkers’ strike, demonstrated to the PAIGC that a different approach was needed. Resistance activity was subsequently shifted to the countryside and was altered to make use of guerrilla-style tactics.

Beginning in 1963, Cabral took his party into an open war for the independence of Portuguese

Wells was born on September 10, 1779 on the island of St.

Louisville, Ky., public schools integrated.

Death of Mordecai Johnson (86), first Black president of Howard University, in Washington.

John Roy Lynch, congressman, soldier, and author was born in Concordia Parish, Louisiana on September 10, 1847 to Patrick Lynch, an Irish immigrant and Catherine White, a slave.

Father Divine, born George Baker, dies in Philadelphia.

Charles E. Mitchell, certified public accountant and banker from West Virginia, named minister to Liberia.