Forty-ninth Congress (1885-87) convened. Two Black congressmen: James E. OHara, North Carolina; Robert Smalls, South Carolina.

Sir Milton Margai, first Prime Minister of Sierra Leone, is born

Spingarn Medal presented to novelist Richard Wright, one of the most powerful of contemporary writer, for his powerful depiction in his books, Uncle Toms Children, and Native Son, of the effect of proscription, segregation and denial of opportunities to the American Negro.

W. Sterling Cary elected president of the Nation Council of Churches.

Billy Sims is awarded the Heisman trophy

Seventy-four Blacks reported lynched in 1885.

Lewis was born on this day in Baltimore, Maryland. He received his law degree from Harvard Law School in 1968. He was a partner in Murphy, Thorpe & Lewis, the first Black law firm on Wall Street. In 1989 he became president and CEO of TLC Beatrice International Holding Inc. With TLCs leverage acquisition of Beatrice International Food Company, Lewis became the head of the largest Black-owned business in the United States. TLC Beatrice had revenues of $1.54 billion in 1992.

John Jacobs is named president of the National Urban League

Lester Granger named executive director of the National Urban League.

White Democrats killed seventy-five Republicans in massacre at Vicksburg, Mississippi.

Comer Cottrell, founder and president of Pro-Line Corporation (1970), the largest African American owned business in the Southwest and the first African American to be part owner of a major league baseball team (1989), the Texas Rangers, born

The beleaguered country was dealt a catastrophic blow in January 2010 when a magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck 10 miles southwest of Port-au-Prince, the countrys capital. It was regions worst earthquake in 200 years. The quake leveled many sections of the city, destroying government buildings, foreign aid offices, and countless slums. Assessing the scope of the devastation, Prime Minister Préval said, Parliament has collapsed. The tax office has collapsed. Schools have collapsed. Hospitals have collapsed. He called the death toll unimaginable. Fatalities were reported to be around 230,000 by early February.

Since then the numbers have been revised. According to a draft report commissioned for the United States Agency for International Development, the number of fatalities were between 46,000 and 85,000 people. The United Nations mission in Haiti was destroyed, 16 members of the UN peacekeeping force in Haiti were killed, and hundreds of UN employees were missing. International aid poured in, and the scope of the damage caused by the quake highlighted the urgent need to improve Haitis crumbling infrastructure and lift it out of endemic poverty—the country is the poorest in the Western Hemisphere.

Already a victim of regular hurricanes, this earthquake-devastated country quickly faced another challenge: cholera. In November, the Haitian government said that the death toll had reached 1,034, with 16,799 people treated for cholera or symptoms of the disease.

The country was thrust into further disarray following Novembers presidential election. There were widespread allegations of irregularities, such as ballot-box stuffing, people casting multiple votes, discarded ballots, vandalized polling stations, and voter intimidation. Opposition candidates called for a revote, but their requests were rebuffed. On December 7 2010, the countrys electoral commission announced that Mirlande Manigat, the top vote getter, and Jude Célestin, the hand-picked candidate of Pré val, would face off in the second round of voting.

Marjorie Joyner died on December 7, 1994 at the age of 98.

Dorie Miller of Waco, Texas, messman on USS Arizona, manned machine gun during Pearl Harbor attacks and downed four planes. He was awarded the Navy Cross.