By Leonard E. Colvin
Chief Reporter
New Journal and Guide
The 1876 presidential election ended with Republican Rutherford B. Hayes and Democrat Samuel J. Tilden deadlocked in an Electoral College tie.
To break the tie, Hayes made a deal with several southern states: if they cast their votes for him, he would remove Union troops from South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana.
Those troops safeguarded the effort by former Black slaves in the 11 states of the Confederacy experiencing political and economic advances during post-Civil War Reconstruction.
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