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The president also stressed the importance of keeping the economy open after months of stifling movement restrictions.

He urged citizens not to drop their guard and continue adhering to the health rules, such as wearing face masks and respecting curfew times.

South Africa has recorded just over 800,000 coronavirus infections - more than a third of the cases reported across the African continent - and over 20,000 deaths.

AFP

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DA MP Belinda Bozzoli has died after a long battle with cancer.

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Named Career Ambassador, a title equivalent to a four-star general, U.S. ambassador to six different countries, Terence A. Todman was an outstanding diplomat in the service of the United States. He challenged the racial prejudice he encountered at the State Department, paving the way for hiring of more people of color there and he was a pioneer in integrating human rights issues into foreign policy.

Clarence Alphonso Todman was born on March 13, 1926, in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands to parents Alphonso and Rachael Todman, grocery clerk/stevedore, and laundress/maid. He attended the local university for one year and then was drafted into the US Army.  He served four years in the Army and when stationed in post-World War II Japan, he helped organize that defeated nation’s first post-war elections.

Returning to finish college at Polytechnic Institute, Puerto Rico, he received a Master’s Degree from Syracuse University (New York) in 1951 and passed the Foreign Service Exam for a career in the U.S. State Department the following year.  Although initially denied employment there because his accent was not 100 percent American,” Todman soon found only low level positions were open to blacks in the State Department. He fought this practice and the long standing assumption that black State Department employees would only be accepted for postings in Africa.

Todman served first at the United Nations Interim Program between 1952 and 1957 and in India between 1957 and 1960.  He took intensive training in Arabic in Tunis, Tunisia between 1960 and 1962. He later became fluent in French, Spanish, and Russian and sought to learn the cultures of the nations where he was posted.  

In 1969 Todman took his first ambassadorial assignment in the country of Chad, serving there until 1972.  Over his forty year career he was also U.S. ambassador to Guinea, Costa Rica, Spain, Denmark, and Argentina. During the Carter Administration he was named assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American affairs. He served as envoy to Spain from 1978

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Where are the boundaries for the new lockdown restrictions? Here's a map of the NMB hot-spot and two other high-alert regions in all their glory.

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A controversial and conservative Republican, Alan Lee Keyes has perhaps one of the most extensive resumes to date in public and political life.

His positions and appointments include but are not limited to: U.S. Department of State Foreign Service Officer of the consular office in Bombay, India from 1979-1980; desk officer in Zimbabwe from 1980-1981 and then policy planning staff, 1981-83; U.S. representative to the United Nations Economic and Social Council (UNESCO) from 1983 to 1985; assistant secretary of state for International Organization Affairs from 1985 to 1988; Republican nominee for U.S. Senate from Maryland in 1988 and in 1992; President of Citizens Against Government Waste from 1989-1991; Interim President for Alabama A&M University in 1991, and host of nationally syndicated Americas Wake-Up Call show.  Alan Keyes launched candidacies for President of the United States in 1996 and in 2000.

Born in Long Island, New York, Keyes attended Cornell University and then Harvard University where he earned a B.A. in Government Studies in 1972 and his doctoral degree in 1979.

His diplomatic career began during his final year at Harvard where he accepted a position in the U.S. State Department as a Foreign Service Officer in India.  Eight years later Alan Keyes was nominated by the Maryland Republican Party to run for the United States Senate. In 1996, he sought the Republican nomination for President but lost to Kansas Senator Bob Dole. Keyes sought nomination again in 2000 and went into several debates with John McCain and President George W. Bush, where he proved to be a worthy opponent. In 2004, he came to the aid of the Illinois Republican Party to run against Sen. Barack Obama, a race which he lost.

Controversy is abundant in Keyess career. In 1969, black militants took over the student center at Cornell and Keyes spoke against the takeover. His protest was met by death threats and he decided to leave his studies at Cornell. During his service with the Reagan Administration he opposed economic

","ShowFullContent":false,"FactText":null,"FactUrl":null,"RelatedIds":null,"OGImageUrl":null,"OGImageWidth":null,"OGImageHeight":null,"FavIconUrl":null,"FavIconWidth":null,"FavIconHeight":null,"IsLocal":false,"Type":null,"SummaryText":"A controversial and conservative Republican, Alan Lee Keyes has perhaps one of the most extensive resumes to date in public and political life. \nHis positions and appointments include but are not limited to: U.S. Department of State Foreign Service Officer of the consular office in Bombay, India from 1979-1980; desk officer in Zimbabwe from 1980-1981 and then policy planning staff, 1981-83; U.S. representative to the United Nations Economic and Social Council (UNESCO) from 1983 to 1985; assistant secretary of state for International Organization Affairs from 1985 to 1988; Republican nominee for U.S. Senate from Maryland in 1988 and in 1992; President of Citizens Against Government Waste from 1989-1991; Interim President for Alabama A&M University in 1991, and host of nationally syndicated Americas Wake-Up Call show.  Alan Keyes launched candidacies for President of the United States in 1996 and in 2000.\nBorn in Long Island, New York, Keyes attended Cornell University and then Harvard University where he earned a B.A. in Government Studies in 1972 and his doctoral degree in 1979. \nHis diplomatic career began during his final year at Harvard where he accepted a position in the U.S. State Department as a Foreign Service Officer in India.  Eight years later Alan Keyes was nominated by the Maryland Republican Party to run for the United States Senate. In 1996, he sought the Republican nomination for President but lost to Kansas Senator Bob Dole. Keyes sought nomination again in 2000 and went into several debates with John McCain and President George W. Bush, where he proved to be a worthy opponent. In 2004, he came to the aid of the Illinois Republican Party to run against Sen. Barack Obama, a race which he lost.\nControversy is abundant in Keyess career. In 1969, black militants took over the student center at Cornell and Keyes spoke against the takeover. His protest was met by death threats and he decided to leave his studies at Cornell. During his service with the Reagan Administration he opposed economic","MaxDetailCharacters":300,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/keyes_alan.jpg","ImageHeight":339,"ImageWidth":250,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"DE2ECBF0-5AA4-45CE-BBF9-9A6AC45F6AC8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","ContentSourceIcon":null,"SponsorId":"E1937D8B-561E-4826-8D6E-DA76009D44DA","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Christo Rey New York High School","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/christorey-logo.jpg","SponsorUrl":"https://www.cristoreyny.org","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":null,"HasEffectiveDate":false,"MonthAbbrevName":null,"FormattedDate":null,"Year":null,"Month":null,"Day":null,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"JSONFactData":"{}","JsonExtData":{},"Html":null,"Css":null,"Script":null,"ScriptHash":null,"Id":4748,"FactUId":"4865E855-6BCF-4122-A8EE-3F3DDB992101","Slug":"keyes-alan-l-1950","FactType":"Article","VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","Title":"Keyes, Alan L. (1950- )","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/keyes-alan-l-1950","ResultCount":200,"SearchType":"OmniSearch.RelatedId"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SponsorRedirectUrl":null,"SourceRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/ContentSource/76148950-8b3b-4df2-93b1-4463eff65e8a/06e86443-6540-43f8-8b34-36300166af46/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesouthafrican.com","DisplayText":"

Showmax is offering viewers a front-row seat into the life of one of South Africa’s most successful exports, Lebo M.

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Suzan Johnson Cook is a religious leader, pastor, motivational speaker, and diplomat who was born on January 28, 1957, in Harlem, New York. Her father, Wilbert Johnson, was a trolley driver and later founder of a successful security company, and her mother Dorothy Johnson, was a public school teacher. The parents moved their family to the Bronx, New York, where young Suzan was raised.

Johnson Cook earned several degrees including a bachelor’s from Emerson College (1976), a master’s from the Teachers College at Columbia University (1978), a Master of Divinity and Doctorate of Ministry from Union Theological Seminary (1983 and 1990 respectively).

From 1983 to 1996, Johnson Cook was senior pastor at New York’s Marine Temple Baptist Church and a professor at New York Theological Seminary from 1988 to1996. In 1990 she became the first female and African American to be named New York City Policy Department’s (NYPD’s) chaplain, a position she held for twenty-one years.

In 1993 Johnson Cook earned a White House fellowship, where she advised President Bill Clinton on a range of domestic issues. She then consulted for the secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development on faith-based initiatives from 1994 to 1997. President Clinton later appointed Johnson Cook to serve on his National Initiative on Race as his only faith advisor. In 1996 near the end of her service to the Clinton administration, Johnson Cook founded the Bronx Christian Fellowships Baptist Church, serving as its senior pastor and CEO until 2010. In 2002 she also become the first woman to serve as president of the influential Hampton University Ministers’ Conference which represents all the major historically black religious denominations.

Over her career, Johnson Cook traveled abroad to engage various religious groups. She has led interfaith delegations to Israel, Jordan, and Egypt, and throughout the Caribbean. She also worked with the nongovernmental organization World Vision in its efforts to combat global poverty, and traveled to

","ShowFullContent":false,"FactText":null,"FactUrl":null,"RelatedIds":null,"OGImageUrl":null,"OGImageWidth":null,"OGImageHeight":null,"FavIconUrl":null,"FavIconWidth":null,"FavIconHeight":null,"IsLocal":false,"Type":null,"SummaryText":"Suzan Johnson Cook is a religious leader, pastor, motivational speaker, and diplomat who was born on January 28, 1957, in Harlem, New York. Her father, Wilbert Johnson, was a trolley driver and later founder of a successful security company, and her mother Dorothy Johnson, was a public school teacher. The parents moved their family to the Bronx, New York, where young Suzan was raised. \nJohnson Cook earned several degrees including a bachelor’s from Emerson College (1976), a master’s from the Teachers College at Columbia University (1978), a Master of Divinity and Doctorate of Ministry from Union Theological Seminary (1983 and 1990 respectively).\nFrom 1983 to 1996, Johnson Cook was senior pastor at New York’s Marine Temple Baptist Church and a professor at New York Theological Seminary from 1988 to1996. In 1990 she became the first female and African American to be named New York City Policy Department’s (NYPD’s) chaplain, a position she held for twenty-one years. \nIn 1993 Johnson Cook earned a White House fellowship, where she advised President Bill Clinton on a range of domestic issues. She then consulted for the secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development on faith-based initiatives from 1994 to 1997. President Clinton later appointed Johnson Cook to serve on his National Initiative on Race as his only faith advisor. In 1996 near the end of her service to the Clinton administration, Johnson Cook founded the Bronx Christian Fellowships Baptist Church, serving as its senior pastor and CEO until 2010. In 2002 she also become the first woman to serve as president of the influential Hampton University Ministers’ Conference which represents all the major historically black religious denominations.\nOver her career, Johnson Cook traveled abroad to engage various religious groups. She has led interfaith delegations to Israel, Jordan, and Egypt, and throughout the Caribbean. She also worked with the nongovernmental organization World Vision in its efforts to combat global poverty, and traveled to","MaxDetailCharacters":300,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/suzan_d__johnson_cook_0.jpg","ImageHeight":279,"ImageWidth":400,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"DE2ECBF0-5AA4-45CE-BBF9-9A6AC45F6AC8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","ContentSourceIcon":null,"SponsorId":"13790190-E894-478F-8414-793C9981F511","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"National Black MBA Association (NBMBAA) Boston Professional Chapter","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/nmmba-logo.jpg","SponsorUrl":"https://nbmbaa.org/nbmbaa-boston-chapter/","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"2011-05-16T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"MonthAbbrevName":"May","FormattedDate":"May 16, 2011","Year":2011,"Month":5,"Day":16,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"JSONFactData":" {\"Date\":\"2011-05-16T00:00:00\"}","JsonExtData":{"date":{"ValueKind":3}},"Html":null,"Css":null,"Script":null,"ScriptHash":null,"Id":5967,"FactUId":"EF97FF63-D208-4C98-AEDF-D1B3937CD654","Slug":"cook-suzan-denise-johnson-1957","FactType":"Event","VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","Title":"Cook, Suzan Denise Johnson (1957– )","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/cook-suzan-denise-johnson-1957","ResultCount":200,"SearchType":"OmniSearch.RelatedId"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SponsorRedirectUrl":null,"SourceRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/ContentSource/e00aab25-8364-4338-82f2-e8bab2a18c68/06e86443-6540-43f8-8b34-36300166af46/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com","DisplayText":"

A new study shows that female rape survivors are 60% more likely to contract HIV within a year or two after their rape than women who have not been raped.

","ShowFullContent":false,"FactText":null,"FactUrl":null,"RelatedIds":null,"OGImageUrl":null,"OGImageWidth":null,"OGImageHeight":null,"FavIconUrl":null,"FavIconWidth":null,"FavIconHeight":null,"IsLocal":false,"Type":null,"SummaryText":"A new study shows that female rape survivors are 60% more likely to contract HIV within a year or two after their rape than women who have not been raped.","MaxDetailCharacters":300,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/2020/12/fd730faa-bff5-45c0-a661-bf7f6c2a9b9f.jpg","ImageHeight":512,"ImageWidth":1024,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"E00AAB25-8364-4338-82F2-E8BAB2A18C68","SourceName":"https://www.news24.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.news24.com","ContentSourceIcon":null,"SponsorId":null,"IsSponsored":false,"SponsorName":null,"SmallSponsorLogoUrl":null,"SponsorUrl":null,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":null,"HasEffectiveDate":false,"MonthAbbrevName":null,"FormattedDate":null,"Year":null,"Month":null,"Day":null,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":null,"IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"JSONFactData":"{\"date\":\"2020-12-01T12:26:48Z\"}","JsonExtData":{"date":{"ValueKind":3}},"Html":null,"Css":null,"Script":null,"ScriptHash":null,"Id":207540,"FactUId":"65637987-8C40-442B-BB50-6CF8958C7647","Slug":"how-rape-survivors-long-term-risk-of-hiv-infection-can-lead-to-heavier-sentences-for-rapists-news24","FactType":"News","VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","Title":"How rape survivors' long-term risk of HIV infection can lead to heavier sentences for rapists | News24","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/how-rape-survivors-long-term-risk-of-hiv-infection-can-lead-to-heavier-sentences-for-rapists-news24","ResultCount":200,"SearchType":"OmniSearch.RelatedId"},{"FadeSummary":true,"SponsorRedirectUrl":null,"SourceRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/ContentSource/de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8/06e86443-6540-43f8-8b34-36300166af46/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackpast.org%2F","DisplayText":"

March 5, 1862

As the Civil War raged in the South and West, William C. Nell, a prominent abolitionist and historian gave the keynote address at the Crispus Attucks Commemoration in Allston Hall in Boston honoring the only African American among the five men killed in the Boston Massacre nearly a century earlier. His remarks appear below.

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN:—Ninety-two years ago this day, Crispus Attucks, a colored man, resident in this State, of his intelligent free will, bore that foremost part in the scene on State (then King) Street, which we have assembled here to commemorate, and which should never be forgotten by any American patriot; especially by those identified with him by complexion and condition.

When the authorities of the town of Boston voted to merge the 5th of March celebration into the 4th of July, it would have been very well, and no need for its revival as a special commemoration,, had the people not so entirely, from that day to this, forgotten that the colored man was one of the “all men created free and equal,” and that he had with them shared the dangers of that struggle which resulted in the severance of the American colonies from the domination of monarchical England.

Hence was suggested the propriety of “a recurrence to first principles,” by annually observing this eventful day in American history, on which the colored man so signally distinguished himself for loyalty and patriotism.

The programme of this evening’s exercises will not admit of any elaborate presentation of the services of colored men “in the times that tired men’s souls,” in the war 1776, and also that of 1812. Massachusetts legislation, this session, has been active in removing the restrictions which have [borne] so heavily upon adopted citizens; and this is as it should be. I would have the sun of Republican Liberty shine upon them in all its meridian splendor. But, oh! the inconsistency, hypocrisy and injustice of that legislation, which, with one hand, extends to the foreign-born equal rights, and, with the other,

","ShowFullContent":false,"FactText":null,"FactUrl":null,"RelatedIds":null,"OGImageUrl":null,"OGImageWidth":null,"OGImageHeight":null,"FavIconUrl":null,"FavIconWidth":null,"FavIconHeight":null,"IsLocal":false,"Type":null,"SummaryText":"March 5, 1862\nAs the Civil War raged in the South and West, William C. Nell, a prominent abolitionist and historian gave the keynote address at the Crispus Attucks Commemoration in Allston Hall in Boston honoring the only African American among the five men killed in the Boston Massacre nearly a century earlier. His remarks appear below.\nLADIES AND GENTLEMEN:—Ninety-two years ago this day, Crispus Attucks, a colored man, resident in this State, of his intelligent free will, bore that foremost part in the scene on State (then King) Street, which we have assembled here to commemorate, and which should never be forgotten by any American patriot; especially by those identified with him by complexion and condition.\nWhen the authorities of the town of Boston voted to merge the 5th of March celebration into the 4th of July, it would have been very well, and no need for its revival as a special commemoration,, had the people not so entirely, from that day to this, forgotten that the colored man was one of the “all men created free and equal,” and that he had with them shared the dangers of that struggle which resulted in the severance of the American colonies from the domination of monarchical England.\nHence was suggested the propriety of “a recurrence to first principles,” by annually observing this eventful day in American history, on which the colored man so signally distinguished himself for loyalty and patriotism.\nThe programme of this evening’s exercises will not admit of any elaborate presentation of the services of colored men “in the times that tired men’s souls,” in the war 1776, and also that of 1812. Massachusetts legislation, this session, has been active in removing the restrictions which have [borne] so heavily upon adopted citizens; and this is as it should be. I would have the sun of Republican Liberty shine upon them in all its meridian splendor. But, oh! the inconsistency, hypocrisy and injustice of that legislation, which, with one hand, extends to the foreign-born equal rights, and, with the other,","MaxDetailCharacters":300,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/nell_william.jpg","ImageHeight":375,"ImageWidth":250,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"DE2ECBF0-5AA4-45CE-BBF9-9A6AC45F6AC8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","ContentSourceIcon":null,"SponsorId":null,"IsSponsored":false,"SponsorName":null,"SmallSponsorLogoUrl":null,"SponsorUrl":null,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":null,"HasEffectiveDate":false,"MonthAbbrevName":null,"FormattedDate":null,"Year":null,"Month":null,"Day":null,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"JSONFactData":"{}","JsonExtData":{},"Html":null,"Css":null,"Script":null,"ScriptHash":null,"Id":5181,"FactUId":"AC63A52F-BE90-4140-8344-E7843453F3B1","Slug":"1862-william-c-nell-speaks-at-the-crispus-attucks-commemoration-boston","FactType":"Article","VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","Title":"(1862) William C. Nell Speaks At The Crispus Attucks Commemoration, Boston","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/1862-william-c-nell-speaks-at-the-crispus-attucks-commemoration-boston","ResultCount":200,"SearchType":"OmniSearch.RelatedId"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SponsorRedirectUrl":null,"SourceRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/ContentSource/e00aab25-8364-4338-82f2-e8bab2a18c68/06e86443-6540-43f8-8b34-36300166af46/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com","DisplayText":"

KwaZulu-Natal Premier Sihle Zikalala has cautioned pupils to avoid superspreader events, saying they had the potential to cause widespread Covid-19 infections.

","ShowFullContent":false,"FactText":null,"FactUrl":null,"RelatedIds":null,"OGImageUrl":null,"OGImageWidth":null,"OGImageHeight":null,"FavIconUrl":null,"FavIconWidth":null,"FavIconHeight":null,"IsLocal":false,"Type":null,"SummaryText":"KwaZulu-Natal Premier Sihle Zikalala has cautioned pupils to avoid superspreader events, saying they had the potential to cause widespread Covid-19 infections.","MaxDetailCharacters":300,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/2020/12/b467a4f6-8586-48fa-8fd2-93d2cef732ac.jpg","ImageHeight":683,"ImageWidth":1024,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"E00AAB25-8364-4338-82F2-E8BAB2A18C68","SourceName":"https://www.news24.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.news24.com","ContentSourceIcon":null,"SponsorId":null,"IsSponsored":false,"SponsorName":null,"SmallSponsorLogoUrl":null,"SponsorUrl":null,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":null,"HasEffectiveDate":false,"MonthAbbrevName":null,"FormattedDate":null,"Year":null,"Month":null,"Day":null,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":null,"IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"JSONFactData":"{\"date\":\"2020-12-08T17:45:41Z\"}","JsonExtData":{"date":{"ValueKind":3}},"Html":null,"Css":null,"Script":null,"ScriptHash":null,"Id":213437,"FactUId":"2142E30C-FDA7-4BDA-8BA2-C17533D6E8DD","Slug":"zikalala-cautions-pupils-to-avoid-covid-19-super-spreader-events-like-ballito-rage-news24","FactType":"News","VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","Title":"Zikalala cautions pupils to avoid Covid-19 super-spreader events like Ballito Rage | News24","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/zikalala-cautions-pupils-to-avoid-covid-19-super-spreader-events-like-ballito-rage-news24","ResultCount":200,"SearchType":"OmniSearch.RelatedId"},{"FadeSummary":true,"SponsorRedirectUrl":null,"SourceRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/ContentSource/de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8/06e86443-6540-43f8-8b34-36300166af46/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackpast.org%2F","DisplayText":"

Dr. Dawn Mason is a former Washington State Representative for the 37th District, an adjunct professor and former member of the Board of Visitors at Antioch University Seattle, and Vision and Planning Team Member for Cultural Reconnection (USA and Kenya). Mason was born in Jersey City, New Jersey on July 2, 1945. Her father, Deotis Taylor, built and owned race cars. He was also a track coach and founder of the Blazer Automotive Training School in Newark. Her mother, Helen Gordon Taylor, was a specialist in care of developmentally delayed children. She is the youngest of three siblings. Mason attended Kearny, New Jersey public schools, Tennessee State University, California State College Dominquez Hills, and The Evergreen State College, where she received her B.A. Degree in 1989. She received her M.Ed. degree from Antioch University in Seattle in 2002. She is a Flemming Fellow alum and retired City of Seattle Management Systems Analyst.

Mason served two two-year terms in the Washington State Legislature, 1995-97 and 1997-99. While there she was Assistant Minority Whip and Ranking Chair of the Higher Education Committee. The Washington Student Lobby presented her the Legislator of the Year Award in 1996 for her effective leadership in maintaining access to higher education for all students. In 1998 she was appointed by President Bill Clinton to the Women’s Economic Roundtable.

Dr. Masons commitment to public education led her to become the co-founder of Parents for Student Success in 1989. She is also an Emeritus Board member of the University of Washington Business Economic Center, and a past president of First Place, a Seattle-area agency serving the education and needs of homeless children. She is a freelance journalist and several of her articles have appeared in Seattle newspapers, The Medium, and South District Journal.

Masons interest in women in the African Diaspora has taken her from cities in the United States to the villages and slums of Nigeria in 1978 and South Africa in 1996. Dr. Mason

","ShowFullContent":false,"FactText":null,"FactUrl":null,"RelatedIds":null,"OGImageUrl":null,"OGImageWidth":null,"OGImageHeight":null,"FavIconUrl":null,"FavIconWidth":null,"FavIconHeight":null,"IsLocal":false,"Type":null,"SummaryText":"Dr. Dawn Mason is a former Washington State Representative for the 37th District, an adjunct professor and former member of the Board of Visitors at Antioch University Seattle, and Vision and Planning Team Member for Cultural Reconnection (USA and Kenya). Mason was born in Jersey City, New Jersey on July 2, 1945. Her father, Deotis Taylor, built and owned race cars. He was also a track coach and founder of the Blazer Automotive Training School in Newark. Her mother, Helen Gordon Taylor, was a specialist in care of developmentally delayed children. She is the youngest of three siblings. Mason attended Kearny, New Jersey public schools, Tennessee State University, California State College Dominquez Hills, and The Evergreen State College, where she received her B.A. Degree in 1989. She received her M.Ed. degree from Antioch University in Seattle in 2002. She is a Flemming Fellow alum and retired City of Seattle Management Systems Analyst. \nMason served two two-year terms in the Washington State Legislature, 1995-97 and 1997-99. While there she was Assistant Minority Whip and Ranking Chair of the Higher Education Committee. The Washington Student Lobby presented her the Legislator of the Year Award in 1996 for her effective leadership in maintaining access to higher education for all students. In 1998 she was appointed by President Bill Clinton to the Women’s Economic Roundtable. \nDr. Masons commitment to public education led her to become the co-founder of Parents for Student Success in 1989. She is also an Emeritus Board member of the University of Washington Business Economic Center, and a past president of First Place, a Seattle-area agency serving the education and needs of homeless children. She is a freelance journalist and several of her articles have appeared in Seattle newspapers, The Medium, and South District Journal. \nMasons interest in women in the African Diaspora has taken her from cities in the United States to the villages and slums of Nigeria in 1978 and South Africa in 1996. Dr. Mason","MaxDetailCharacters":300,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/dawn_mason__public_domain_.jpg","ImageHeight":300,"ImageWidth":265,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"DE2ECBF0-5AA4-45CE-BBF9-9A6AC45F6AC8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","ContentSourceIcon":null,"SponsorId":null,"IsSponsored":false,"SponsorName":null,"SmallSponsorLogoUrl":null,"SponsorUrl":null,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1945-07-02T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"MonthAbbrevName":"Jul","FormattedDate":"July 02, 1945","Year":1945,"Month":7,"Day":2,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"JSONFactData":" {\"Date\":\"1945-07-02\"}","JsonExtData":{"date":{"ValueKind":3}},"Html":null,"Css":null,"Script":null,"ScriptHash":null,"Id":5722,"FactUId":"2BFE4B61-C572-4F9A-B56D-459800F6E8F6","Slug":"mason-dawn-1945","FactType":"Event","VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","Title":"Mason, Dawn (1945- )","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/mason-dawn-1945","ResultCount":200,"SearchType":"OmniSearch.RelatedId"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SponsorRedirectUrl":null,"SourceRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/ContentSource/ba8cd304-6b2c-4c96-b969-a837090ad7f7/06e86443-6540-43f8-8b34-36300166af46/https%3A%2F%2Fallafrica.com","DisplayText":"

[Daily Maverick] In late November 2020, Bitcoin's value reached an all-time high. For investors, it's been a grand ride. But the high poses more fundamental questions for policymakers, especially those in countries like South Africa, with weak currencies and exchange controls.

","ShowFullContent":false,"FactText":null,"FactUrl":null,"RelatedIds":null,"OGImageUrl":null,"OGImageWidth":null,"OGImageHeight":null,"FavIconUrl":null,"FavIconWidth":null,"FavIconHeight":null,"IsLocal":false,"Type":null,"SummaryText":"[Daily Maverick] In late November 2020, Bitcoin's value reached an all-time high. For investors, it's been a grand ride. But the high poses more fundamental questions for policymakers, especially those in countries like South Africa, with weak currencies and exchange controls.","MaxDetailCharacters":300,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/2020/12/e21e5a90-9ee0-4f9d-9bb2-d6f77b2f5fcf.jpg","ImageHeight":664,"ImageWidth":664,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"BA8CD304-6B2C-4C96-B969-A837090AD7F7","SourceName":"allAfrica.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://allafrica.com","ContentSourceIcon":null,"SponsorId":null,"IsSponsored":false,"SponsorName":null,"SmallSponsorLogoUrl":null,"SponsorUrl":null,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":null,"HasEffectiveDate":false,"MonthAbbrevName":null,"FormattedDate":null,"Year":null,"Month":null,"Day":null,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":null,"IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"JSONFactData":"{\"date\":\"2020-12-07T08:27:18Z\"}","JsonExtData":{"date":{"ValueKind":3}},"Html":null,"Css":null,"Script":null,"ScriptHash":null,"Id":212839,"FactUId":"8A5B0165-2FD4-47CA-A98C-CCFD212A0900","Slug":"africa-financially-repressed-countries-everywhere-should-be-thankful-for-bitcoin","FactType":"News","VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","Title":"Africa: Financially Repressed Countries Everywhere Should Be Thankful for Bitcoin","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/africa-financially-repressed-countries-everywhere-should-be-thankful-for-bitcoin","ResultCount":200,"SearchType":"OmniSearch.RelatedId"},{"FadeSummary":true,"SponsorRedirectUrl":null,"SourceRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/ContentSource/de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8/06e86443-6540-43f8-8b34-36300166af46/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackpast.org%2F","DisplayText":"

John Andrew Burroughs, Jr. was an equal opportunity advocate and diplomat who was born in Washington, D.C. on July 31, 1936. He spent his youth in Washington, D.C. before moving to the Midwest to attend the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa.  While there he played on the varsity football team, helping it win two conference championships and two Rose Bowl games. He graduated with his Bachelor’s Degree in 1959. After graduation, Burroughs returned to Washington, D.C., where he became a social sciences teacher in the city’s public school system.

In 1960 Burroughs left teaching to become an employee in the U.S. Department of State. His first job was as an employee in the passport examiner’s office from 1960 to 1963. In 1963 he was promoted to Assistant Chief of Special Services Branch of the Passport Office, a post he held until 1964.  

Burroughs then served briefly in the State Department’s Bureau of Economics and Business Affairs from 1964 to 1966.  From 1966 onward he would hold a succession of equal opportunity posts beginning with his position as the Employee Relations Specialist in the Office of Civilian Manpower Management in the Department of the Navy (1966-1970).  From 1970 to 1977 he would be the Special Assistant for equal opportunity to the Assistant Secretary of Navy. During this time he also traveled across the world with the Secretary of the Navy and the Assistant Secretary of Defense promoting opportunities for women and people of color.  During this period he was also awarded a fellowship to attend the Stanford University (California) Executive Program to enhance his managerial skills.

Burroughs returned to the State Department in 1977 and served for the next three years a Deputy Assistant Secretary for Equal Employment Opportunity. He held a similar post in the Office of the Director General of the Foreign Services (1980-1981) where he worked with his colleagues on efforts to increase the number of people of color and women in the U.S. Foreign Service. His efforts to strengthen the U.S.

","ShowFullContent":false,"FactText":null,"FactUrl":null,"RelatedIds":null,"OGImageUrl":null,"OGImageWidth":null,"OGImageHeight":null,"FavIconUrl":null,"FavIconWidth":null,"FavIconHeight":null,"IsLocal":false,"Type":null,"SummaryText":"John Andrew Burroughs, Jr. was an equal opportunity advocate and diplomat who was born in Washington, D.C. on July 31, 1936. He spent his youth in Washington, D.C. before moving to the Midwest to attend the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa.  While there he played on the varsity football team, helping it win two conference championships and two Rose Bowl games. He graduated with his Bachelor’s Degree in 1959. After graduation, Burroughs returned to Washington, D.C., where he became a social sciences teacher in the city’s public school system. \nIn 1960 Burroughs left teaching to become an employee in the U.S. Department of State. His first job was as an employee in the passport examiner’s office from 1960 to 1963. In 1963 he was promoted to Assistant Chief of Special Services Branch of the Passport Office, a post he held until 1964.  \nBurroughs then served briefly in the State Department’s Bureau of Economics and Business Affairs from 1964 to 1966.  From 1966 onward he would hold a succession of equal opportunity posts beginning with his position as the Employee Relations Specialist in the Office of Civilian Manpower Management in the Department of the Navy (1966-1970).  From 1970 to 1977 he would be the Special Assistant for equal opportunity to the Assistant Secretary of Navy. During this time he also traveled across the world with the Secretary of the Navy and the Assistant Secretary of Defense promoting opportunities for women and people of color.  During this period he was also awarded a fellowship to attend the Stanford University (California) Executive Program to enhance his managerial skills. \nBurroughs returned to the State Department in 1977 and served for the next three years a Deputy Assistant Secretary for Equal Employment Opportunity. He held a similar post in the Office of the Director General of the Foreign Services (1980-1981) where he worked with his colleagues on efforts to increase the number of people of color and women in the U.S. Foreign Service. His efforts to strengthen the U.S.","MaxDetailCharacters":300,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/ambassador_john_andrew_burroughs.jpg","ImageHeight":300,"ImageWidth":300,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"DE2ECBF0-5AA4-45CE-BBF9-9A6AC45F6AC8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","ContentSourceIcon":null,"SponsorId":null,"IsSponsored":false,"SponsorName":null,"SmallSponsorLogoUrl":null,"SponsorUrl":null,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":null,"HasEffectiveDate":false,"MonthAbbrevName":null,"FormattedDate":null,"Year":null,"Month":null,"Day":null,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"JSONFactData":"{}","JsonExtData":{},"Html":null,"Css":null,"Script":null,"ScriptHash":null,"Id":5173,"FactUId":"AEDAB7A0-16E9-4E5F-9816-70898BF5723E","Slug":"burroughs-jr-john-andrew-1936-2014","FactType":"Article","VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","Title":"Burroughs, Jr., John Andrew (1936–2014)","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/burroughs-jr-john-andrew-1936-2014","ResultCount":200,"SearchType":"OmniSearch.RelatedId"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SponsorRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/Sponsor/9e1feea4-572c-4dd2-8f95-e6c7481f3050/06e86443-6540-43f8-8b34-36300166af46/http%3A%2F%2Fcriticalracedigitalstudies.com","SourceRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/ContentSource/ba8cd304-6b2c-4c96-b969-a837090ad7f7/06e86443-6540-43f8-8b34-36300166af46/https%3A%2F%2Fallafrica.com","DisplayText":"

[allAfrica] Cape Town -- As of November 30, the confirmed cases of Covid-19 from 55 African countries have reached 2,163,577. Reported deaths in Africa have reached 51,724 and recoveries 1,830,891.

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(ThyBlackMan.com) Walter Williams loved teaching. Unlike too many other teachers today, he made it a point never to impose his opinions on his students. Those who read his syndicated newspaper columns know that he expressed his opinions boldly and unequivocally there. But not in the classroom. Walter once said he hoped that, on the day […]

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South Africa was suspended from the U.N. General Assembly over its racial policies.

","ShowFullContent":false,"FactText":null,"FactUrl":null,"RelatedIds":null,"OGImageUrl":null,"OGImageWidth":null,"OGImageHeight":null,"FavIconUrl":null,"FavIconWidth":null,"FavIconHeight":null,"IsLocal":false,"Type":null,"SummaryText":"South Africa was suspended from the U.N. General Assembly over its racial policies.","MaxDetailCharacters":300,"ImageUrl":null,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","ContentSourceIcon":null,"SponsorId":null,"IsSponsored":false,"SponsorName":null,"SmallSponsorLogoUrl":null,"SponsorUrl":null,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1974-11-12T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"MonthAbbrevName":"Nov","FormattedDate":"November 12, 1974","Year":1974,"Month":11,"Day":12,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":null,"IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"JSONFactData":" {\"Date\":\"1974-11-12\"}","JsonExtData":{"date":{"ValueKind":3}},"Html":null,"Css":null,"Script":null,"ScriptHash":null,"Id":3354,"FactUId":"DFDAEBBE-7FED-46B4-8C93-4BCF9E740B4E","Slug":"south-africa-was-suspended-from-the-u-n-general-assembly-over-its-racial-polici","FactType":"Event","VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","Title":"South Africa was suspended from the U.N. General Assembly over its racial polici","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/south-africa-was-suspended-from-the-u-n-general-assembly-over-its-racial-polici","ResultCount":200,"SearchType":"OmniSearch.RelatedId"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SponsorRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/Sponsor/becbe15c-72a7-4130-b8db-a12eaf26b3ab/06e86443-6540-43f8-8b34-36300166af46/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyu.edu","SourceRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/ContentSource/76148950-8b3b-4df2-93b1-4463eff65e8a/06e86443-6540-43f8-8b34-36300166af46/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesouthafrican.com","DisplayText":"

It's not just players who are leaving Bloemfontein in search of greener pastures as Corniel van Zyl set to pack his bags for England.

","ShowFullContent":false,"FactText":null,"FactUrl":null,"RelatedIds":null,"OGImageUrl":null,"OGImageWidth":null,"OGImageHeight":null,"FavIconUrl":null,"FavIconWidth":null,"FavIconHeight":null,"IsLocal":false,"Type":null,"SummaryText":"It's not just players who are leaving Bloemfontein in search of greener pastures as Corniel van Zyl set to pack his bags for England.","MaxDetailCharacters":300,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/2020/12/26e8b366-f600-47d2-b60e-09def2eba2a9.jpg","ImageHeight":817,"ImageWidth":1200,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"76148950-8B3B-4DF2-93B1-4463EFF65E8A","SourceName":"South African News | Online News | The South African","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.thesouthafrican.com","ContentSourceIcon":null,"SponsorId":"BECBE15C-72A7-4130-B8DB-A12EAF26B3AB","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"New York University","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/nyu-logo.jpg","SponsorUrl":"https://www.nyu.edu","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":null,"HasEffectiveDate":false,"MonthAbbrevName":null,"FormattedDate":null,"Year":null,"Month":null,"Day":null,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":null,"IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"JSONFactData":"{\"date\":\"2020-12-06T10:59:50Z\"}","JsonExtData":{"date":{"ValueKind":3}},"Html":null,"Css":null,"Script":null,"ScriptHash":null,"Id":211784,"FactUId":"1ED64BA2-AD6F-47EC-8A26-467284F8B3BD","Slug":"cheetahs-forwards-coach-joins-players-in-leaving-bloemfontein","FactType":"News","VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","Title":"Cheetahs forwards coach joins players in leaving Bloemfontein","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/cheetahs-forwards-coach-joins-players-in-leaving-bloemfontein","ResultCount":200,"SearchType":"OmniSearch.RelatedId"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SponsorRedirectUrl":null,"SourceRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/ContentSource/ba8cd304-6b2c-4c96-b969-a837090ad7f7/06e86443-6540-43f8-8b34-36300166af46/https%3A%2F%2Fallafrica.com","DisplayText":"

[Cosafa] Mozambique and Angola have sealed their place in the semifinals of the COSAFA Qualifiers for TOTAL U-20 AFCON, Mauritania 2021 but hosts South Africa are out in a major surprise in Nelson Mandela Bay on Tuesday.

","ShowFullContent":false,"FactText":null,"FactUrl":null,"RelatedIds":null,"OGImageUrl":null,"OGImageWidth":null,"OGImageHeight":null,"FavIconUrl":null,"FavIconWidth":null,"FavIconHeight":null,"IsLocal":false,"Type":null,"SummaryText":"[Cosafa] Mozambique and Angola have sealed their place in the semifinals of the COSAFA Qualifiers for TOTAL U-20 AFCON, Mauritania 2021 but hosts South Africa are out in a major surprise in Nelson Mandela Bay on Tuesday.","MaxDetailCharacters":300,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/2020/12/440944ae-01e9-4c5b-832b-9803de2409bc.jpg","ImageHeight":664,"ImageWidth":664,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"BA8CD304-6B2C-4C96-B969-A837090AD7F7","SourceName":"allAfrica.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://allafrica.com","ContentSourceIcon":null,"SponsorId":null,"IsSponsored":false,"SponsorName":null,"SmallSponsorLogoUrl":null,"SponsorUrl":null,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":null,"HasEffectiveDate":false,"MonthAbbrevName":null,"FormattedDate":null,"Year":null,"Month":null,"Day":null,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":null,"IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"JSONFactData":"{\"date\":\"2020-12-09T11:29:52Z\"}","JsonExtData":{"date":{"ValueKind":3}},"Html":null,"Css":null,"Script":null,"ScriptHash":null,"Id":214314,"FactUId":"CBD756CD-69FC-4670-AB43-03072B4F8BE2","Slug":"southern-africa-mozambique-angola-through-south-africa-crash-out-at-cosafa-qualifiers-for-total-u-20-afcon","FactType":"News","VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","Title":"Southern Africa: Mozambique, Angola Through, South Africa Crash Out At Cosafa Qualifiers for Total U-20 Afcon","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/southern-africa-mozambique-angola-through-south-africa-crash-out-at-cosafa-qualifiers-for-total-u-20-afcon","ResultCount":200,"SearchType":"OmniSearch.RelatedId"},{"FadeSummary":true,"SponsorRedirectUrl":null,"SourceRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/ContentSource/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000/06e86443-6540-43f8-8b34-36300166af46/https%3A%2F%2Fblackfacts.com","DisplayText":"

Born: 7/18/1918 Mvezo, South AfricaDied: 12/5/2013 Johannesburg, South AfricaMandela spent most of his life campaigning for an end to apartheid in South Africa. After over 20 years in prison, he was released and was able to be the first elected President in post apartheid South Africa. Also admired for his forgiveness and willingness to reach out to the white community in South Africa.Awards / Achievements:

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Namibia is bordered on the north by Angola and Zambia, on the east by Botswana, and on the east and south by South Africa. It is for the most part a portion of the high plateau of southern Africa, with a general elevation of from 3,000 to 4,000 ft.

Republic.

The San peoples may have inhabited what is now Namibia more than 2,000 years ago. The Bantu-speaking Herero settled there in the 1600s. The Ovambo, the largest ethnic group today, migrated in the 1800s.

In the late 15th century, the Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias became the first European to visit Namibia. Formerly called South-West Africa, the territory became a German colony in 1884. Between 1904 and 1908, German troops massacred tens of thousands of Herero, who had revolted against colonial rule. In 1915, during World War I, Namibian territory was taken over by South African forces. In 1921, it became a mandated territory of the League of Nations, under the administration of South Africa.

Upon the dissolution of the League of Nations in 1946, South Africa refused to accept United Nations authority to replace its mandate with a UN trusteeship. A black Marxist separatist group, the South West African Peoples Organization (SWAPO), formed in 1960 and began small-scale guerrilla attacks aimed at achieving independence. In 1966, the UN called for South Africas withdrawal from the territory, and officially renamed it Namibia in 1968. South Africa refused to obey. Under a 1974 Security Council resolution, South Africa was required to begin the transfer of power or face UN action. Prime Minister Balthazar J. Vorster rejected UN supervision, claiming that his government was prepared to negotiate Namibian independence, but not with SWAPO, which the UN had recognized as the “sole legitimate representative” of the Namibian people.

South Africa handed over limited powers to a new multiracial administration in 1985 (the previous government had enforced South Africas apartheid laws). Installation of this government ended South Africas direct rule, but it

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