Mississippi Constitutional Convention began systematic exclusion of Blacks from political life of South, August 12-November 1. The Mississippi Plan (Literacy and "understanding tests") was later adopted with embellishments by other states: South Carolina (1895), Louisiana (1898), North Carolina (1900), Alabama (1901), Virginia (1901), Georgia (1908), Oklahoma (1910). Southern states later used "White primaries" and other devices to exclude Black voters.