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The Green Book Pt I

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The Story of Martin Luther King by Kid President

In May, Burundi held a presidential election which was won by Evariste Ndayishimiye, candidate of the ruling National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD) party.

Ndayishimiye was hurriedly sworn in after the untimely death of president Pierre Nkurunziza in June.

Rights violations continue 

The Council encouraged donor countries which had suspended aid to Burundi to continue dialogue towards resumption of development assistance.

A report by a UN watchdog in September said human rights violations were still being committed in Burundi, including sexual violence and murder.

The country was plunged into a crisis in April 2015 when Ndayishimiye’s predecessor Pierre Nkurunziza decided to run for a controversial third term, which he ultimately won in July 2015. 

His candidature, which was opposed by the opposition and civil society groups, resulted in a wave of protests, violence and even a failed coup in May 2015.

Hundreds of people were killed and over 300,000 fled to neighboring countries.

","ShowFullContent":false,"FactText":null,"FactUrl":null,"RelatedIds":null,"OGImageUrl":null,"OGImageWidth":null,"OGImageHeight":null,"FavIconUrl":null,"FavIconWidth":null,"FavIconHeight":null,"IsLocal":false,"Type":null,"SummaryText":"The United Nations Security Council on Monday struck Burundi off its political agenda citing peaceful elections recently conducted in the country. \n\nIn a statement presented by South African president Cyril Ramaphosa, the 15-member body said the broadly peaceful elections had marked a new phase for central African country. \n\nSouth Africa holds the Council's presidency for December. \n\nThe development means Burundi is close to ending nearly six years of international isolation. \n\n\"Burundi has received, with joy, the noble decision taken by the UN Security Council of withdrawing Burundi from its political agenda,\" government spokesman Prosper Ntahorwamiye said in a statement aired on the state broadcaster. \n\nThe government of Burundi had stated on many occasions that the country no longer posed a threat to regional peace and security, and demanded that the Security Council end its mandatory reporting on Bujumbura. \n\nLe Conseil de sécurité de l’#ONU a pris note de l’amélioration des conditions de sécurité au #Burundi et des priorités annoncées par le Président #Évariste_Ndayishimiye pour son gouvernement en juin 2020,à la suite d’élections qui se sont déroulées de façon globalement pacifique. pic.twitter.com/N3pCn4lg1T\r\n— MAECD (@MAEBurundi) December 7, 2020 \n\n\nIn May, Burundi held a presidential election which was won by Evariste Ndayishimiye, candidate of the ruling National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD) party. \n\nNdayishimiye was hurriedly sworn in after the untimely death of president Pierre Nkurunziza in June. \n\nRights violations continue  \n\nThe Council encouraged donor countries which had suspended aid to Burundi to continue dialogue towards resumption of development assistance. \n\nA report by a UN watchdog in September said human rights violations were still being committed in Burundi, including sexual violence and murder. \n\nThe country was plunged into a crisis in April 2015 when Ndayishimiye’s predecessor Pierre Nkurunziza decided to run for a controversial third term, which he ultimately won in July 2015.  \n\nHis candidature, which was opposed by the opposition and civil society groups, resulted in a wave of protests, violence and even a failed coup in May 2015. \n\nHundreds of people were killed and over 300,000 fled to neighboring countries.","MaxDetailCharacters":300,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/2020/12/6377185b-8022-42e4-b49a-cfc937b39298.jpg","ImageHeight":538,"ImageWidth":1024,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"42C8FAC1-E2C7-4A09-8CA5-16C843DEC99E","SourceName":"Africanews | Latest breaking news, daily news and African news from Africa","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.africanews.com","ContentSourceIcon":null,"SponsorId":null,"IsSponsored":false,"SponsorName":null,"SmallSponsorLogoUrl":null,"SponsorUrl":null,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":null,"HasEffectiveDate":false,"MonthAbbrevName":null,"FormattedDate":null,"Year":null,"Month":null,"Day":null,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":null,"IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"JSONFactData":"{\"date\":\"2020-12-08T18:46:37Z\"}","JsonExtData":{"date":{"ValueKind":3}},"Html":null,"Css":null,"Script":null,"ScriptHash":null,"Id":213686,"FactUId":"4A5828F7-9110-46C8-A617-7CFFADD0E9EC","Slug":"security-council-ends-mandatory-scrutiny-of-burundi-citing-may-elections-africanews","FactType":"News","VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","Title":"Security Council ends mandatory scrutiny of Burundi citing May elections | Africanews","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/security-council-ends-mandatory-scrutiny-of-burundi-citing-may-elections-africanews","ResultCount":200,"SearchType":"OmniSearch.RelatedId"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SponsorRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/Sponsor/06dc953b-5d0f-47e0-a5ae-9e69f8b070aa/fc2575f7-0904-478c-8562-17ec6257d6c8/http%3A%2F%2Fintellitech.net","SourceRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/ContentSource/ba8cd304-6b2c-4c96-b969-a837090ad7f7/fc2575f7-0904-478c-8562-17ec6257d6c8/https%3A%2F%2Fallafrica.com","DisplayText":"

[Nation] The body of former Cabinet minister Simeon Nyachae was airlifted to Kisii County on Sunday ahead of his funeral on Monday.

","ShowFullContent":false,"FactText":null,"FactUrl":null,"RelatedIds":null,"OGImageUrl":null,"OGImageWidth":null,"OGImageHeight":null,"FavIconUrl":null,"FavIconWidth":null,"FavIconHeight":null,"IsLocal":false,"Type":null,"SummaryText":"[Nation] The body of former Cabinet minister Simeon Nyachae was airlifted to Kisii County on Sunday ahead of his funeral on Monday.","MaxDetailCharacters":300,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/2021/02/c4d43453-e0e3-45f2-be47-41566d1b2193.jpg","ImageHeight":664,"ImageWidth":664,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"BA8CD304-6B2C-4C96-B969-A837090AD7F7","SourceName":"allAfrica.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://allafrica.com","ContentSourceIcon":null,"SponsorId":"06DC953B-5D0F-47E0-A5AE-9E69F8B070AA","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Intellitech","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/ice-mobile-350x350-53.png","SponsorUrl":"http://intellitech.net","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":null,"HasEffectiveDate":false,"MonthAbbrevName":null,"FormattedDate":null,"Year":null,"Month":null,"Day":null,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":null,"IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"JSONFactData":"{\"date\":\"2021-02-15T07:20:57Z\"}","JsonExtData":{"date":{"ValueKind":3}},"Html":null,"Css":null,"Script":null,"ScriptHash":null,"Id":273050,"FactUId":"4D3978BC-2ADB-4CB2-830F-464EC9738381","Slug":"kenya-gusii-leaders-unite-to-give-simeon-nyachae-peaceful-sendoff","FactType":"News","VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","Title":"Kenya: Gusii Leaders Unite to Give Simeon Nyachae Peaceful Sendoff","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/kenya-gusii-leaders-unite-to-give-simeon-nyachae-peaceful-sendoff","ResultCount":200,"SearchType":"OmniSearch.RelatedId"},{"FadeSummary":true,"SponsorRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/Sponsor/aa57795e-8800-46a7-89eb-a946cfbd4ad8/fc2575f7-0904-478c-8562-17ec6257d6c8/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apexmuseum.org%20","SourceRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/ContentSource/c996ac0a-d532-48f6-89c4-79eaf9e982f6/fc2575f7-0904-478c-8562-17ec6257d6c8/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.factmonster.com%2Fblack-history-month-activities-history-timeline-ideas-events-facts-quizzes","DisplayText":"

Nigerias election commission postponed for six weeks presidential elections scheduled for Feb. 14 after the military said it could not protect voters in the northeast from Boko Haram. Some questioned if the decision was influenced by President Jonathan, whose victory was by no means guaranteed. Indeed, he faced a strong challenge from Muhammadu Buhari, a former military dictator who was behind a 1983 coup. Buhari prevailed in the March 2015 election, which was largely peaceful. Jonathans defeat was attributed to his failure to defeat Boko Haram and his inability to crack down on endemic corruption. Jonathan accepted the loss, making for a smooth transfer of power—the first between civilians from different parties.

Buhari fired his top military leaders in July 2015, citing the militarys ineffective response to Boko Haram and alleged human rights violations—the use of torture, starvation, and ill treatment at detention facilities—during its campaign against Boko Haram.

In late Jan. 2016, Boko Haram raided the village of Dalori and killed at least 65 people. Dalori residents said that as many as 100 people were killed in the attack. During the raid, children were abducted and the entire village was burned.

The following month, at least 58 people were killed and another 78 wounded in a suicide bombing at a Nigerian refugee camp. The suicide bombers were three girls who had been welcomed into the camp. Two of the girls blew themselves up with bombs, while the third girl chose not detonate hers and gave herself up to authorities after seeing members of her immediate family in the camp. The refugee camp was for people fleeing Boko Haram. As of Feb. 2016, at least 2.5 million have fled from attacks and threats by the militant group.

","ShowFullContent":false,"FactText":null,"FactUrl":null,"RelatedIds":null,"OGImageUrl":null,"OGImageWidth":null,"OGImageHeight":null,"FavIconUrl":null,"FavIconWidth":null,"FavIconHeight":null,"IsLocal":false,"Type":null,"SummaryText":"Nigerias election commission postponed for six weeks presidential elections scheduled for Feb. 14 after the military said it could not protect voters in the northeast from Boko Haram. Some questioned if the decision was influenced by President Jonathan, whose victory was by no means guaranteed. Indeed, he faced a strong challenge from Muhammadu Buhari, a former military dictator who was behind a 1983 coup. Buhari prevailed in the March 2015 election, which was largely peaceful. Jonathans defeat was attributed to his failure to defeat Boko Haram and his inability to crack down on endemic corruption. Jonathan accepted the loss, making for a smooth transfer of power—the first between civilians from different parties.\nBuhari fired his top military leaders in July 2015, citing the militarys ineffective response to Boko Haram and alleged human rights violations—the use of torture, starvation, and ill treatment at detention facilities—during its campaign against Boko Haram.\nIn late Jan. 2016, Boko Haram raided the village of Dalori and killed at least 65 people. Dalori residents said that as many as 100 people were killed in the attack. During the raid, children were abducted and the entire village was burned.\nThe following month, at least 58 people were killed and another 78 wounded in a suicide bombing at a Nigerian refugee camp. The suicide bombers were three girls who had been welcomed into the camp. Two of the girls blew themselves up with bombs, while the third girl chose not detonate hers and gave herself up to authorities after seeing members of her immediate family in the camp. The refugee camp was for people fleeing Boko Haram. As of Feb. 2016, at least 2.5 million have fled from attacks and threats by the militant group.","MaxDetailCharacters":300,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.factmonster.com/sites/factmonster-com/files/public-3a/nigeria.gif","ImageHeight":154,"ImageWidth":250,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"C996AC0A-D532-48F6-89C4-79EAF9E982F6","SourceName":"Fact Monster - Black History","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.factmonster.com/black-history-month-activities-history-timeline-ideas-events-facts-quizzes","ContentSourceIcon":null,"SponsorId":"AA57795E-8800-46A7-89EB-A946CFBD4AD8","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"APEX Museum","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/apex-logo.jpg","SponsorUrl":"https://www.apexmuseum.org ","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":null,"HasEffectiveDate":false,"MonthAbbrevName":null,"FormattedDate":null,"Year":null,"Month":null,"Day":null,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"JSONFactData":"{}","JsonExtData":{},"Html":null,"Css":null,"Script":null,"ScriptHash":null,"Id":5670,"FactUId":"F365C5AC-9737-41AB-A175-55F7796936C8","Slug":"nigeria-2","FactType":"Article","VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","Title":"Nigeria","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/nigeria-2","ResultCount":200,"SearchType":"OmniSearch.RelatedId"},{"FadeSummary":true,"SponsorRedirectUrl":null,"SourceRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/ContentSource/c047d075-565b-4e84-b641-2458dfd5df2a/fc2575f7-0904-478c-8562-17ec6257d6c8/https%3A%2F%2Fblackthen.com","DisplayText":"

Minister Solomon Seay Sr., was often referred to as the 'spiritual father' of the civil rights movement by Martin Luther King Jr.  Seay played key roles in several early grassroots civil rights movement efforts in Alabama's Black Belt region and beyond. In the late 1940s, Seay became an active member in Montgomery's Interdenominational Ministerial Alliance […]

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In a statement last night, the Permanent Secretary for Presidential Communications in the Office of the President and Cabinet, Mr Regis Chikowore confirmed the dismissal saying: \"The Chief Secretary to the President and Cabinet, Dr MJM Sibanda, has announced the termination of employment by His Excellency the President, Cde ED Mnangagwa, of Dr Energy Mutodi as Deputy Minister of Government in the Ministry of Information, Publicity and Broadcasting Services.\"

However, Foreign Affairs and International Trade Minister Dr Sibusiso Moyo recently issued a statement distancing Government from remarks purportedly made by Dr Mutodi on measures taken by Tanzania to contain Covid-19.

Dr Moyo said the Government of Zimbabwe fully respected the sovereign measures that were adopted by President John Magufuli to contain the spread of Covid-19 in Tanzania.

\"I make reference to the message of May 4, 2020, purported to have been posted on Twitter by the Deputy Minister of Information, Publicity and Broadcasting Services Honourable Dr E Mutodi in which he compared the measures against Covid-19 adopted by the head of state of Tanzania and Zimbabwe.

The Government of Zimbabwe fully respects the sovereign measures that the President of United Republic of Tanzania His Excellency John Magufuli adopted to contain the spread of Covid-19 in his country,\" Dr Moyo said.

","ShowFullContent":false,"FactText":null,"FactUrl":null,"RelatedIds":null,"OGImageUrl":null,"OGImageWidth":null,"OGImageHeight":null,"FavIconUrl":null,"FavIconWidth":null,"FavIconHeight":null,"IsLocal":false,"Type":null,"SummaryText":"In a statement last night, the Permanent Secretary for Presidential Communications in the Office of the President and Cabinet, Mr Regis Chikowore confirmed the dismissal saying: \"The Chief Secretary to the President and Cabinet, Dr MJM Sibanda, has announced the termination of employment by His Excellency the President, Cde ED Mnangagwa, of Dr Energy Mutodi as Deputy Minister of Government in the Ministry of Information, Publicity and Broadcasting Services.\"\r\n\r\nHowever, Foreign Affairs and International Trade Minister Dr Sibusiso Moyo recently issued a statement distancing Government from remarks purportedly made by Dr Mutodi on measures taken by Tanzania to contain Covid-19.\r\n\r\nDr Moyo said the Government of Zimbabwe fully respected the sovereign measures that were adopted by President John Magufuli to contain the spread of Covid-19 in Tanzania.\r\n\r\n\"I make reference to the message of May 4, 2020, purported to have been posted on Twitter by the Deputy Minister of Information, Publicity and Broadcasting Services Honourable Dr E Mutodi in which he compared the measures against Covid-19 adopted by the head of state of Tanzania and Zimbabwe.\r\n\r\nThe Government of Zimbabwe fully respects the sovereign measures that the President of United Republic of Tanzania His Excellency John Magufuli adopted to contain the spread of Covid-19 in his country,\" Dr Moyo said.","MaxDetailCharacters":300,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/2020/05/4447ad84-5ad8-49d7-b4bb-9fde32b258771.png","ImageHeight":919,"ImageWidth":1500,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"BA8CD304-6B2C-4C96-B969-A837090AD7F7","SourceName":"allAfrica.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://allafrica.com","ContentSourceIcon":null,"SponsorId":"9E027DC1-0367-446B-87CB-8AFF0EBAC676","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Concerned Black Men of Massachusetts","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/cbmm-logo.jpg","SponsorUrl":"https://www.cbmm.net","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":null,"HasEffectiveDate":false,"MonthAbbrevName":null,"FormattedDate":null,"Year":null,"Month":null,"Day":null,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":null,"IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"JSONFactData":"{\"IsPublishDate\":true,\"Date\":\"2020-05-21T07:41:41Z\",\"Month\":null,\"Day\":null,\"Year\":null}","JsonExtData":{"isPublishDate":{"ValueKind":5},"date":{"ValueKind":3},"month":null,"day":null,"year":null},"Html":null,"Css":null,"Script":null,"ScriptHash":null,"Id":55137,"FactUId":"0BDB3A39-7D7A-46E5-8638-73A381E0086E","Slug":"zimbabwe-deputy-minister-mutodi-fired","FactType":"News","VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","Title":"Zimbabwe: Deputy Minister Mutodi Fired","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/zimbabwe-deputy-minister-mutodi-fired","ResultCount":200,"SearchType":"OmniSearch.RelatedId"},{"FadeSummary":true,"SponsorRedirectUrl":null,"SourceRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/ContentSource/7b933ae8-03cd-4cb2-9499-82145e19cfcf/fc2575f7-0904-478c-8562-17ec6257d6c8/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsday.co.zw","DisplayText":"

Many took as much as two hours to get into the city centre from suburbs that are within a mere 25km radius of the capital.

And finally, on Wednesday the lockdown was in Mnangagwa’s home city of Kwekwe.

Finance minister Mthuli Ncube announced a 50% salary review of all civil servants and a US$75 COVID-19 allowance.

“Pursuant to government’s commitment to continuously review and improve the remuneration framework for civil servants, taking into account the transitory economic challenges being currently experienced in the country, which have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, government makes the following announcement:

Many among the citizens celebrated, believing the regime had finally given in to re-dollarisation.

Citizens started discussing the impact of the policy on the local currency and would prices of goods slide down to reflect the reality of a working-class country that takes home a measly less than US$100 home?

","ShowFullContent":false,"FactText":null,"FactUrl":null,"RelatedIds":null,"OGImageUrl":null,"OGImageWidth":null,"OGImageHeight":null,"FavIconUrl":null,"FavIconWidth":null,"FavIconHeight":null,"IsLocal":false,"Type":null,"SummaryText":"Many took as much as two hours to get into the city centre from suburbs that are within a mere 25km radius of the capital.\r\n\r\nAnd finally, on Wednesday the lockdown was in Mnangagwa’s home city of Kwekwe.\r\n\r\nFinance minister Mthuli Ncube announced a 50% salary review of all civil servants and a US$75 COVID-19 allowance.\r\n\r\n“Pursuant to government’s commitment to continuously review and improve the remuneration framework for civil servants, taking into account the transitory economic challenges being currently experienced in the country, which have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, government makes the following announcement:\n\nMany among the citizens celebrated, believing the regime had finally given in to re-dollarisation.\r\n\r\nCitizens started discussing the impact of the policy on the local currency and would prices of goods slide down to reflect the reality of a working-class country that takes home a measly less than US$100 home?","MaxDetailCharacters":300,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/2020/06/99c85a43-9e62-4a5f-849e-93c5a69c1b651.png","ImageHeight":1238,"ImageWidth":1500,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"7B933AE8-03CD-4CB2-9499-82145E19CFCF","SourceName":"NewsDay Zimbabwe - Everyday News for Everyday People","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.newsday.co.zw","ContentSourceIcon":null,"SponsorId":null,"IsSponsored":false,"SponsorName":null,"SmallSponsorLogoUrl":null,"SponsorUrl":null,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":null,"HasEffectiveDate":false,"MonthAbbrevName":null,"FormattedDate":null,"Year":null,"Month":null,"Day":null,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":null,"IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"JSONFactData":"{\"IsPublishDate\":true,\"Date\":\"2020-06-20T03:53:14Z\",\"Month\":null,\"Day\":null,\"Year\":null}","JsonExtData":{"isPublishDate":{"ValueKind":5},"date":{"ValueKind":3},"month":null,"day":null,"year":null},"Html":null,"Css":null,"Script":null,"ScriptHash":null,"Id":69564,"FactUId":"32A1F4D1-BABA-4898-A997-A992498C642B","Slug":"a-nation-of-window-shoppers","FactType":"News","VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","Title":"A nation of window-shoppers","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/a-nation-of-window-shoppers","ResultCount":200,"SearchType":"OmniSearch.RelatedId"},{"FadeSummary":true,"SponsorRedirectUrl":null,"SourceRedirectUrl":"https://ai.blackfacts.com/redirect/ContentSource/ba8cd304-6b2c-4c96-b969-a837090ad7f7/fc2575f7-0904-478c-8562-17ec6257d6c8/https%3A%2F%2Fallafrica.com","DisplayText":"

The Landless People's Movement (LPM) said it will table a motion in the National Assembly in which it will seek to have fishing rights of ministers and members of parliament revoked. \"

We will look into the amendments that were done by the former ministers that are currently in jail to allow that all Namibians are given the opportunity to participate in the process of the fishing rights,\" said the party's spokesperson and MP Utaara Mootu during a media briefing yesterday.

The Marine Resources Act has become a hot potato for lawmakers after former minister Bernhard Esau was given more powers in the allocation of fishing rights.

Esau and former justice minister Sacky Shanghala were arrested for allegedly conspiring with Iceland's biggest fishing company Samherji to receive payments worth millions of dollars in exchange for fishing quotas.

Fisheries minister Albert Kawana was earlier this year quoted as saying that government will reverse amendments to the Marine Resources Act to eliminate corruption in the allocation of quotas to fishing rights holders.

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Did Donald Trump really demand Hijazi's loyalty?

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In 1991, a multiracial forum led by de Klerk and Mandela, the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA), began working on a new constitution. In 1993, an interim constitution was passed, which dismantled apartheid and provided for a multiracial democracy with majority rule. The peaceful transition of South Africa from one of the worlds most repressive societies into a democracy is one of the 20th centurys most remarkable success stories. Mandela and de Klerk were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.

The 1994 election, the countrys first multiracial one, resulted in a massive victory for Mandela and his ANC. The new government included six ministers from the National Party and three from the Inkatha Freedom Party. A new national constitution was approved and adopted in May 1996.

In 1997 the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, chaired by Desmond Tutu, began hearings regarding human rights violations between 1960 and 1993. The commission promised amnesty to those who confessed their crimes under the apartheid system. In 1998, F. W. de Klerk, P.W. Botha, and leaders of the ANC appeared before the commission, and the nation continued to grapple with its enlightened but often painful and divisive process of national recovery.

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