Protests in the long term: How is a lasting legacy cemented?

Marian Anderson

Marian Anderson was a highly renowned classical singer who became the first African American to perform at the Metropolitan Opera. She was born on February 27, 1897 to John and Annie Anderson in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her father ran an ice and coal business and his mother was a babysitter. She

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Source: Black History Resources

Feb

27

1897

Ghana became an independent state

March 6th, 1957, the Gold Coast gained its independence from Great

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Source: Blackfacts.com

Mar

6

1957

Caldwell, Elvin R., Sr. (1919-2004)

Politician Elvin R. Caldwell Sr. was born on April 11, 1919 in Denver, Colorado. Raised in Five Points, Denver’s predominantly black community, Caldwell was one of 12 children in his family. After graduating from Eastside High School in 1937, Caldwell earned a track scholarship to the University of

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Source: Black Past

Following the dwindling supply of indentured servants,the Virginia legislature

Following the dwindling supply of indentured servants, the Virginia legislature legally recognizes the institution of slavery in order to maintain needed labor on tobacco plantations.

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Source: Blackfacts.com

Jan

0

1661

Streeter, Mel (1931-2006)

Mel Streeter was born in Riverside, California in 1931. He attended the University of Oregon on a basketball scholarship and was the second African-American basketball player at Oregon after declining an offer by legendary basketball coach John Wooden to attend UCLA, because UCLA did not have an

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Source: Black Past

Jun

15

2006

(1808) Rev. Peter Williams, “An Oration On The Abolition Of The Slave Trade”

On March 2, 1807 Congress enacted a law that banned the external slave trade beginning January 1, 1808. With that act enslaved persons could no longer be brought to the United States. Although the law would be frequently violated until the eve of the Civil War, many black and white anti-slavery

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Source: Black Past

Bert Williams--a Leading Comedian

At the turn of the century Bert Williams was one of Americas top comedians. Comedian Eddie Cantor called him a comic genius, W.C. Fields, a comic genius himself, once described Williams as the funniest man I ever

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Source: Blackfacts.com

Mar

4

1922

Cameroon

Cameroon is a Central African nation on the Gulf of Guinea, bordered by Nigeria, Chad, the Central African Republic, the Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. It is nearly twice the size of Oregon. Mount Cameroon (13,350 ft; 4,069 m), near the coast, is the highest elevation in the

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Source: Fact Monster - Black History

Saint James AME Church, Helena, Montana (1888- )

When African American citizens founded the St. James African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church in Helena, Montana, in 1888, their population topped 250 people in a city of roughly 12,000 souls. Located in Helena’s eastside residential district on 114 N. Hoback, the church building rested on

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Source: Black Past

Adelbert H. Roberts was elected to the Illinois state legislature---the first bl

Adelbert H. Roberts was elected to the Illinois state legislature---the first black to serve in a state assembly in at least twenty-five years.

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Source: Blackfacts.com

Jan

10

1925

NAACP began a coordinated attack on segregation

NAACP began a coordinated attack on segregation and discrimination, filing a suit against the University of North Carolina on behalf of Thomas Hocutt. Case was lost on a technicality after the president of a Black college refused to certify the records of the plaintiff.

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Source: Blackfacts.com

Mar

15

1933

Bob Jones University v. United States (1983)

CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

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Source: Black Past

(1906) W.E.B. DuBois, “Men of Niagara”

In 1906, one year after the Niagara Movement was founded, it held its second annual meeting at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. W.E.B. Du Bois, a founding member and its titular leader, gave the address below to the assembled civil rights

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Source: Black Past

(1934) W.E.B. Du Bois, “A Negro Nation Within a Nation"

W.E.B Du Bois, a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) through most of his life was a staunch integrationist. In 1934 however he advanced the argument that since integration would not happen in the nation any time soon, African Americans had to

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Source: Black Past

Jun

26

1934

Arthur Allen Fletcher, “The Father of Affirmative Action”

Arthur Allen Fletcher is known to many as the father of affirmative action. In the following account historian David Hamilton Golland describes the career of Fletcher, a Republican civil rights activist during the last half of the 20th

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Source: Black Past

(1997) Kweisi Mfume, “A Shining and Powerful Dream”

Kweisi Mfume, born Frizzel Gray in Baltimore, Maryland, represented that city in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1986 to 1996 and rose to become Chairman of the Congressional Black Caucus. On February 15, 1996, he stepped down to become President of the National Association for the

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Source: Black Past

President Johnson signed a the 1968 Housing Act

President Johnson signed a the 1968 Housing Act which outlawed discrimination in the sale, rental or leasing of housing. This bill also made it a crime to interfere with civil rights workers and to cross state lines to incite a riot.

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Source: Blackfacts.com

Apr

11

1968

(1876) Senator Blanche K. Bruce, “...Appointing a Committee to Investigate Election Practices in Mississippi”

Senator Blanche K. Bruce, “Speech Before The Senate to Introduce a Resolution Appointing a Committee to Investigate Election Practices in Mississippi,” 1876

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Source: Black Past

The Manumission of Monimia Travers: A Slave Freed at Fort Vancouver

Few people identify slavery with Oregon and the Pacific Northwest. However, there were slaves in the region particularly in the decade before the Civil War. In the following article, Gregory Paynter Shine, the Chief Ranger and Historian at the Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, describes the

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Source: Black Past

Loss of Teaching Jobs

National Education Association study revealed that Blacks had lost thirty thousand teaching jobs since 1954 in seventeen Southern and Border states because of discrimination and desegregation.

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Source: Blackfacts.com

Apr

19

1960

Declaration of the Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World (1920)

Preamble

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Source: Black Past

Brooke, Edward, III (1919-2015)

Edward William Brooke III was the first African American to be elected by popular vote to the United States Senate. Brooke, an African American, Protestant Republican, won elective office in the overwhelmingly white, Catholic, Democratic state of Massachusetts and emerged as a leader in the US

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Source: Black Past

Martin Luther King

Born: 1/15/1929 Atlanta, GeorgiaDied: 4/4/1968 Memphis, TennesseeKing was a pivotal figure in the non-violent civil rights movement. During the 1950s and 1960s, he sought to improve race relations and overturn discrimination in American society. He is remembered for his powerful speeches which

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Source: Blackfacts.com

Loving v. Virginia (1967)

WARREN, C.J., Opinion of the Court

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Source: Black Past

Gentrification, Integration or Displacement?: The Seattle Story

In the following article, Henry W. McGee, Jr., a Seattle University Professor of Law and Central District resident, discusses the recent dramatic transformation of the area from a predominately working class African American community into an area of high income white, Asian American and African

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Source: Black Past

Shaw v. Reno (1993)

April 20, 1993, Argued

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Source: Black Past

Bill Russell

Bill Russell is a celebrated African-American retired basketball player. He played center for the National Basketball Association’s the Boston Celtics team. His relentless effort earned him a twelve-time All-Star title and the NBA Most Valuable Player title. Russell’s remarkable victories made him

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Source: Black History Resources

Feb

12

1934

African American History in the West Bibliography Authors & Editors

Abajian, James de T. Blacks and Their Contributions to the American West: A Bibliography and Union List of Library Holdings Through 1970 Yes

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Source: Black Past

(1949) Nnamdi Azikiwe Addresses Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity at its 35th Annual Convention in Washington, D.C.

Here Nnamdi Azikiwe, future first President of Nigeria, delivers an address to his fellow fraternity members at the Banneker High School Auditorium, Washington, D.C., on December 27, 1949, at the 35th Anniversary of the Phi Beta Sigma

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Source: Black Past

Dec

27

1949

NAACP attacked issues concerning schools

NAACP began frontal attack on segregation and discrimination at elementary and high school levels, arguing that segregation was discrimination in cases before three-judged federal courts in South Carolina and Kansas. The South Carolina court, with a strong dissent from Judge E. Waites Warning, held

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Source: Blackfacts.com

Jun

30

1951

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