As the Jim Crow Era raged on, African-Americans in the South listened to the words of Booker T. Washington, who encouraged them to learn trades that would allow them to be self-sufficient in society.

It is interesting to note that in previous HBCU timelines, many religious organizations helped to establish institutions of higher learning. However, in the 20th Century, many states provided funds for the opening of schools.

1900: The Colored High School is established in Baltimore. Today, it is known as Coppin State University.

1901: The Colored Industrial and Agricultural School is established in Grambling, La. It is currently known as Grambling State University.

Albany State University is founded as the Albany Bible and Manual Training Institute.

Utica Junior College opens in Utica, Miss. Today, it is known as Hinds Community College at Utica.

1904: Mary McLeod Bethune works with the United Methodist Church to open the Daytona Educational

and Industrial Training School for Negro Girls. Today, the school is known as Bethune-Cookman College.

1905: Miles Memorial College opens with funding from the CME Church in Fairfield, Ala. In 1941, the school was renamed Miles College.

1908: The Baptist Educational and Missionary Convention establishes Morris College in Sumter, SC.

1910: The National Religious Training School and Chautauqua is established in Durham, NC.

Today the school is known as North Carolina Central University.

Jarvis Christian College is established by a religious group known as The Disciples in Hawkins, Texas.

Tennessee State University is founded as Agricultural and Industrial State Normal School.

1915: The Roman Catholic Church opens the St.

Katharine Drexel and Sisters of the Blessed Sacrements as two institutions. In time, the schools will merge to become Xavier University of Louisiana.

1922: The Lutheran Church supports the opening of the Alabama Lutheran Academy and Junior College. In 1981, the school’s name is changed to Concordia College.

1924: The Baptist Church established the American

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Jimmie Bugg Middleton

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