...in which about 80 warriors and their families retreated to the California Lava Beds, a land of complex ravines and caves; there they mounted an effective resistance. After the murder of Brig. Gen. Edward Canby, who headed a peace commission in April 1873, U.S. troops prosecuted the war more vigorously. Betrayed by four of his followers, Captain Jack surrendered and was hanged. His followers...

...be seized, as could gold and silver to buttress a sagging treasury. Led by Henry Sibley, a Confederate force of some 2,600 invaded the Union’s Department of New Mexico, where the Federal commander, Edward Canby, had but 3,810 men to defend the entire vast territory. Although plagued by pneumonia and smallpox, Sibley battered a Federal force at Valverde on February 21, 1862, and captured...

...admiral David Farragut. Two forts at the bay’s entrance, Fort Gaines on Dauphin Island and Fort Morgan on Mobile Point, surrendered immediately thereafter. In the spring of 1865 the Union general Edward R.S. Canby successfully laid siege to Fort Blakely and Spanish Fort, on the east side of the bay. After 26 days the forts, and then the city, were evacuated, and Union forces entered Mobile on...