In 2011, Jorge Carlos Fonseca was elected president. A member of the Movement for Democracy party, Fonseca won the election in the second round, defeating Manuel Sousa. Fonseca became the fourth president since Cape Verdes independence.

See also Encyclopedia: Cape Verde

U.S. State Dept. Country Notes: Cape Verde

National Institute of Statistics (In Portugese Only) http://www.ine.cv/default.asp .